Natural selection and maladaptive plasticity in the red-shouldered soapberry bug
نویسنده
چکیده
8 Natural selection and phenotypic plasticity can both produce locally differentiated phenotypes, 9 but novel environments or gene combinations can produce plasticity that works in opposition to 1 0 adaptive change. The red-shouldered soapberry bug (Jadera haematoloma) was locally adapted 1 1 to feed on the seeds of an introduced and a native host plant in Florida in the 1980s. By 2014, 1 2 local differentiation was lost and replaced by phenotypically similar populations all adapted to 1 3 the introduced host, likely as a result of gene flow. Here, I quantify the effects of these two host 1 4 plants on individual performance, natural selection, and phenotypic plasticity. I find that the seed 1 5 coat and seedpod of the native host have strong negative effects on juvenile survival and adult 1 6 reproduction compared to the introduced host. I find support for the hypothesis that the seedpod 1 7 is driving diversifying natural selection on beak length, which was previously locally adapted 1 8 between hosts. I also find maladaptive plasticity induced by host plant: bugs develop beak 1 9 lengths that are mismatched with the seedpod size of the host they are reared on. This plasticity 2 0 may be the result of gene flow; hybrids in the 1990s showed the same pattern of maladaptive 2 1 plasticity, and plasticity is stronger in the present in areas with high gene flow. Although 2 2 ongoing natural selection has produced locally adapted genotypes in soapberry bugs, 2 3 maladaptive plasticity has masked the phenotypic difference between populations in the field. 2 4. CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not .
منابع مشابه
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تاریخ انتشار 2016